Exploring Terpene Synergy: The ‘Entourage Effect’ in German Cannabis

“Exploring Terpene Synergy: The ‘Entourage Effect’ in German Cannabis”

 

Table of Contents:

1. What Is the Entourage Effect?
2. Major Terpenes & Cannabinoids Working Together
3. Why It Matters for Medical Patients in Germany

3.1.   Pain Relief & Anxiety Management

4. Selecting Products Based on Terpene Synergy

4.1.   Reading Lab Reports & Labels

5. Future Research & Developments

5.1.   Ongoing Studies in Europe

6. Key Takeaways

 

 

 

1. What Is the Entourage Effect?

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. They contribute to the plant’s scent, flavor, and even its therapeutic properties. Over 200 terpenes have been identified in cannabis, each with unique effects.

The entourage effect is a theory suggesting that cannabis compounds—such as cannabinoids (THC, CBD) and terpenes—work together synergistically to enhance therapeutic effects. Rather than acting in isolation, these compounds interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) in a way that amplifies benefits while potentially reducing side effects.

This synergy can influence:

• Pain relief
• Anxiety reduction
• Anti-inflammatory properties
• Euphoria or sedation

German cannabis strains, whether prescribed medically or available in limited recreational contexts, often exhibit unique terpene profiles that shape their effects.

Origins of the Concept

The term was first introduced in 1998 by Israeli researchers Raphael Mechoulam and Shimon Ben-Shabat, who observed that plant-derived compounds had stronger effects when used together rather than individually. Since then, studies have explored how terpenes modulate cannabinoid activity, influencing everything from pain relief to mood regulation.

Why It Matters for German Cannabis Users

With Germany’s progressive medical cannabis program and growing acceptance of recreational use, understanding the entourage effect can help patients and consumers choose strains that best suit their needs. Whether for pain, anxiety, or relaxation, terpene-cannabinoid synergy plays a crucial role in the overall experience.

✅The Role of Terpenes in Cannabis

How Terpenes Influence Effects

• Myrcene: Sedating, anti-inflammatory (common in indica strains).
• Limonene: Uplifting, anti-anxiety (found in citrusy strains).
• Pinene: Alertness, memory retention (pine-scented strains).
• Caryophyllene: Pain-relieving, binds to CB2 receptors (spicy, peppery notes).

Unlike cannabinoids, which directly interact with the ECS, terpenes influence neurotransmitters and other biological pathways, modifying how THC and CBD affect the body.

Germany’s medical cannabis market includes a variety of strains with distinct terpene profiles.

✅Why Is This Important for German Cannabis Patients?

Germany’s medical cannabis program emphasizes evidence-based treatment, and understanding the entourage effect helps patients and doctors choose the most effective products. For example:

·         THC-dominant strains with myrcene (a sedating terpene) may enhance pain relief.

·         CBD-rich strains with limonene (an uplifting terpene) may improve mood and reduce anxiety.

Research from Project CBD highlights how terpenes modulate cannabinoid effects, influencing factors like absorption, brain barrier penetration, and receptor binding.

2.    Major Terpenes & Cannabinoids Working Together

✅Major Cannabinoids: THC, CBD, and Beyond

While terpenes modulate effects, cannabinoids are the primary active compounds in cannabis:

A. THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

• Effects: Psychoactive, pain relief, appetite stimulation
• Synergy with terpenes: Myrcene enhances sedation; pinene may counteract memory impairment

B. CBD (Cannabidiol)

• Effects: Anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, neuroprotective
• Synergy with terpenes: Limonene boosts mood-enhancing effects; linalool enhances relaxation (Blessing et al., 2015)

C. Minor Cannabinoids (CBG, CBN, THCV)

• CBG (Cannabigerol): Neuroprotective, antibacterial
• CBN (Cannabinol): Sedative, pain-relieving
• THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin): Appetite suppressant, energy-boosting

✅How Terpenes and Cannabinoids Interact

The entourage effect occurs through several mechanisms:

• Modulation of cannabinoid absorption: Some terpenes increase blood-brain barrier permeability, enhancing cannabinoid effects.
• Receptor binding influence: Caryophyllene directly activates CB2 receptors, complementing CBD’s anti-inflammatory effects.
• Balancing psychoactivity: Limonene and pinene may mitigate THC-induced anxiety.

✅Major Terpenes in German Cannabis

Terpenes are not exclusive to cannabis—they’re found in many plants, fruits, and herbs. However, their presence in cannabis is particularly significant due to their interaction with cannabinoids. Below are some of the most common terpenes in German cannabis strains:

A. Myrcene

• Aroma: Earthy, musky, clove-like
• Effects: Sedating, relaxing, anti-inflammatory
• Found in: Mangoes, thyme, lemongrass
• Synergy with THC: Enhances sedation ("couch-lock" effect)
• Common German Strains: Northern Lights, White Widow

B. Limonene

• Aroma: Citrusy, lemony
• Effects: Mood-boosting, anti-anxiety, anti-depressant
• Found in: Citrus fruits, rosemary
• Synergy with CBD: May amplify anti-anxiety effects
• Common German Strains: Super Lemon Haze, Amnesia Haze

C. Pinene

• Aroma: Pine, fresh forest
• Effects: Alertness, memory retention, bronchodilator
• Found in: Pine needles, rosemary, basil
• Synergy with THC: May counteract short-term memory loss
• Common German Strains: Jack Herer, Dutch Treat

D. Caryophyllene

• Aroma: Spicy, peppery
• Effects: Pain relief, anti-inflammatory (acts as a CB2 agonist)
• Found in: Black pepper, cloves, cinnamon
• Synergy with CBD: Enhances anti-inflammatory properties
• Common German Strains: Girl Scout Cookies, OG Kush

E. Linalool

• Aroma: Floral, lavender
• Effects: Calming, anti-anxiety, sedative
• Found in: Lavender, coriander
• Synergy with THC: Reduces paranoia and anxiety
• Common German Strains: Lavender, Do-Si-Dos

✅Cannabinoid-Terpene Power Couples

A.      THC + Myrcene

• Enhanced sedation and pain relief
• Common in indica strains for nighttime use

B.       CBD + Limonene

• Powerful anti-anxiety combination
• May help with stress-related disorders

C.   THC + Pinene

• More clear-headed high
• Reduces unwanted cognitive effects

✅German Cannabis Strains Showcasing the Entourage Effect

A.      Bedrocan (Jack Herer)

• Profile: High pinene, moderate THC
• Medical Use: Fatigue, depression
1. Pedanios 22/1 (Critical Kush)
• Profile: Myrcene-dominant, balanced THC/CBD
• Medical Use: Chronic pain, insomnia
2. Aurora (L.A. Confidential)
• Profile: High myrcene and linalool
• Medical Use: Anxiety, muscle spasms

✅Maximizing the Entourage Effect

To get the most benefit:

• Choose full-spectrum products over isolates
• Consider vaporization temperatures (different terpenes activate at different heats)
• Look for lab-tested products with terpene profiles

·         Start with lower doses when trying new strain combinations

3.       Why It Matters for Medical Patients in Germany

Living with chronic pain or dealing with severe anxiety can be debilitating. For medical patients in Germany, finding effective relief is not just about comfort—it’s about reclaiming quality of life. Whether it’s due to cancer treatment, multiple sclerosis, chronic migraines, or mental health conditions like PTSD, patients need safe and reliable solutions.

Pain relief and anxiety management are two of the most critical aspects of medical care. When left untreated, they can lead to worsened health outcomes, decreased mobility, depression, and even increased healthcare costs. Fortunately, Germany has been at the forefront of progressive medical treatments, including the use of medical cannabis, advanced pharmaceuticals, and holistic therapies.

3.1. Pain Relief & Anxiety Management

The Importance of Pain Relief for Medical Patients

Pain—whether acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term)—can severely impact a patient’s physical and mental health. In Germany, where healthcare is highly advanced, managing pain effectively is a key component of patient care.

Why Pain Management Matters:

• Faster Recovery – Proper pain control helps patients move, exercise, and rehabilitate more effectively.
• Improved Mental Health – Chronic pain is linked to depression and anxiety; managing it reduces emotional strain.
• Better Sleep & Daily Functioning – Uncontrolled pain disrupts sleep and reduces the ability to perform daily tasks.
• Reduced Reliance on Opioids – Germany emphasizes multimodal pain therapy, combining medications, physiotherapy, and alternative treatments to minimize opioid dependency.

Available Pain Relief Options in Germany:

• Medications (NSAIDs, weak & strong opioids, anticonvulsants for nerve pain)
• Physiotherapy & Rehabilitation
• Alternative Therapies (acupuncture, TENS, CBD)
• Psychological Support (pain management programs, cognitive behavioral therapy)

✅The Heavy Burden of Chronic Pain & Anxiety

Chronic Pain: More Than Just Discomfort

Chronic pain affects nearly 12-30% of Germans, with conditions such as:

• Arthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Neuropathic pain (nerve damage)
• Post-surgical pain
• Cancer-related pain

Unmanaged pain doesn’t just hurt physically—it leads to:

• Sleep disturbances (insomnia, fatigue)
• Mental health decline (depression, anxiety)
• Reduced mobility (weakened muscles, stiffness)
• Lower productivity (inability to work or enjoy daily activities)

Anxiety Disorders: The Silent Struggle

Anxiety is one of the most common mental health conditions in Germany, affecting 15-20% of the population at some point in their lives. This includes:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Panic disorder
• Social anxiety
• PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder)

Left untreated, anxiety can:

• Increase heart disease risk (due to chronic stress)
• Weaken the immune system
• Lead to substance abuse (self-medication with alcohol or opioids)
• Impair social and professional life

The intersection of pain and anxiety creates a vicious cycle—pain worsens anxiety, and anxiety heightens pain perception. Breaking this cycle requires effective, personalized treatments.

✅ Current Treatment Options in Germany

Germany offers a range of pain and anxiety treatments, from traditional pharmaceuticals to alternative therapies.

A. Conventional Pain Treatments

• NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac) – Effective for mild pain but can cause stomach ulcers and kidney damage with long-term use.
• Opioids (Tramadol, Morphine) – Strong pain relief but carry addiction risks and side effects like constipation and drowsiness.
• Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Duloxetine) – Used for nerve pain but may cause weight gain and fatigue.
• Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation – Helps with mobility but may not fully relieve severe pain.

B. Anxiety Treatments

• SSRIs/SNRIs (Escitalopram, Venlafaxine) – First-line treatment but can take weeks to work and cause side effects like nausea.
• Benzodiazepines (Lorazepam, Diazepam) – Fast-acting but highly addictive; not recommended for long-term use.
• Psychotherapy (CBT, Exposure Therapy) – Effective but requires time and commitment.

While these treatments help many, some patients experience limited relief or intolerable side effects. This has led to growing interest in medical cannabis and holistic approaches.

✅The Role of Medical Cannabis in Pain & Anxiety Relief

Since its legalization for medical use in 2017, medical cannabis has become a game-changer for German patients.

How Cannabis Helps with Pain

• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) – Binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, reducing pain signals.
• CBD (Cannabidiol) – Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, helpful for arthritis and nerve pain.
• Whole-plant synergy – Many patients find full-spectrum cannabis more effective than isolated compounds.

Conditions benefiting from medical cannabis:

• Neuropathic pain (diabetic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis)
• Cancer pain (especially during chemotherapy)
• Chronic migraines & fibromyalgia

How Cannabis Helps with Anxiety

• CBD – Reduces anxiety without psychoactive effects; interacts with serotonin receptors.
• Balanced THC:CBD strains – Low-dose THC can relax the mind, while too much may increase anxiety.
• Terpenes (Linalool, Myrcene) – Naturally calming, found in certain cannabis strains.

Studies Supporting Cannabis for Anxiety:

• A 2020 study found CBD significantly reduced anxiety in 79% of participants.
• German patients report better sleep and reduced panic attacks with medical cannabis.

Legal Access in Germany:

• Requires a prescription from a licensed doctor.
• Covered by health insurance in severe cases.
• Available in forms like oils, dried flowers, and capsules.

✅Anxiety Management in Medical Settings

Medical anxiety—whether related to surgeries, chronic illness, or hospital visits—can worsen health outcomes. Stress and fear can increase pain perception, delay healing, and even lead to avoidance of necessary treatments.

Why Anxiety Management is Essential:

• Better Treatment Adherence – Patients with managed anxiety are more likely to follow medical advice.
• Reduced Pain Perception – Anxiety amplifies pain; relaxation techniques can help lower discomfort.
• Improved Surgical Outcomes – Preoperative anxiety management leads to faster recovery and fewer complications.

Anxiety-Reducing Strategies in Germany:

• Therapy & Counseling (covered by health insurance)
• Mindfulness & Relaxation Techniques (meditation, breathing exercises)
• Sedation & Anxiolytics (for procedures or severe anxiety)
• Patient Education – Understanding procedures reduces fear of the unknown.

✅ Why Proper Pain & Anxiety Management Improves Overall Well-being

When patients find the right treatment, the benefits extend beyond symptom relief:

✔ Better Sleep – Reduced pain and anxiety lead to deeper, restorative sleep.
✔ Improved Mental Health – Lower depression rates when pain is controlled.
✔ Increased Mobility – Patients engage in physical activity, preventing muscle atrophy.
✔ Higher Quality of Life – Ability to work, socialize, and enjoy hobbies returns.
✔ Reduced Healthcare Costs – Fewer ER visits and hospitalizations.

Patient Story: Maria’s Journey with Medical Cannabis

Maria, a 52-year-old from Berlin, suffered from fibromyalgia and anxiety for years. Traditional medications left her drowsy and depressed. After her doctor prescribed a THC/CBD oil, she experienced:

• 50% reduction in pain within weeks
• Fewer anxiety attacks
• Returned to part-time work

"I finally feel like myself again," she says.

✅ The Future of Pain & Anxiety Treatment in Germany

Germany continues to innovate in patient care:
🔬 Research on psychedelics – Studies on psilocybin (magic mushrooms) for anxiety and depression.
🌿 Expanded cannabis access – More doctors prescribing, more insurance approvals.
💊 Personalized medicine – Genetic testing to determine the best pain/anxiety treatments.

What Patients Can Do Now

• Consult a specialist – Pain clinics and psychiatrists can tailor treatments.
• Explore medical cannabis – Discuss with a doctor if other treatments fail.
• Combine therapies – Physical therapy + mindfulness + medication often works best.

4.    Selecting Products Based on Terpene Synergy

The German cannabis market—whether medical or CBD-based—is growing rapidly, and consumers are becoming more educated about what they’re buying. While most people focus on THC and CBD percentages, terpenes—the aromatic compounds in cannabis—play an equally important role in shaping a product’s effects, flavor, and therapeutic benefits.

Understanding terpene synergy—how different terpenes interact with each other and with cannabinoids—can help you choose the best cannabis products for relaxation, focus, pain relief, or other specific needs.

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) acknowledges cannabis’s potential but calls for more research on terpene interactions (EMA Report).

4.1.   Reading Lab Reports & Labels

In Germany, legal cannabis products (medical or CBD) must undergo laboratory testing. Here’s how to interpret the data:

A. Cannabinoid Content (THC, CBD, CBG, etc.)

• THC (%) – Psychoactive effects.
• CBD (%) – Non-intoxicating, often used for pain and anxiety.
• Minor cannabinoids (CBG, CBN, CBC) – Additional therapeutic benefits.

Example: A flower with 20% THC and 1% CBD will be more intoxicating than one with 10% THC and 10% CBD, which may offer a balanced effect.

B. Terpene Profile (The Most Important Section for Synergy)

Look for a breakdown of dominant and secondary terpenes, usually listed in percentage (%) or milligrams per gram (mg/g).

• Dominant terpenes (>0.5%) dictate the primary effects.
• Secondary terpenes (0.1%-0.5%) modify the experience.

Example:

• Myrcene (0.8%) + Linalool (0.3%) → Sedating, good for sleep.
• Limonene (0.6%) + Pinene (0.4%) → Uplifting and focused.

C. Pesticides, Heavy Metals, and Microbial Contaminants

German regulations require testing for:

• Pesticides (avoid products with detectable levels).
• Heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium).
• Mold & bacteria (should be absent).

D. Full-Spectrum vs. Isolate vs. Broad-Spectrum

• Full-spectrum – Contains all cannabinoids and terpenes (best for entourage effect).
• Broad-spectrum – THC removed, but other cannabinoids and terpenes remain.
• Isolate – Pure CBD or THC, no terpenes (weaker entourage effect).

✅How to Select Products Based on Terpene Profiles

A. Identify Your Desired Effects

• Sleep & Relaxation → Look for myrcene, linalool, terpinolene.
• Energy & Focus → Limonene, pinene, terpinolene.
• Pain Relief → Caryophyllene, myrcene, humulene.
• Anxiety Relief → Linalool, limonene, CBD-rich strains.

B. Compare Lab Reports Before Buying

• Check dominant terpenes first.
• Avoid products with synthetic terpenes (unless specified as food-grade).

C. Experiment with Different Ratios

• Try a high-myrcene indica for sleep.
• Test a limonene/pinene-dominant sativa for daytime use.

✅Legal Considerations & Quality Assurance in Germany

A. Medical vs. Recreational Laws

• Medical cannabis is legal with a prescription.
• CBD products (<0.2% THC) are legal without a prescription.

B. How to Verify Lab Reports

• Look for ISO-certified labs.
• Ensure batch-specific testing (not generic results).

C. Trusted German Cannabis Brands

• Aurora, Tilray, Pedanios (medical cannabis).
• CBD Vital, Hempamed, Cibdol (CBD products).

 

5. Future Research & Developments

Germany has long been a global leader in scientific research, technological innovation, and industrial advancements. As Europe’s largest economy, it plays a pivotal role in shaping the future of research across multiple disciplines, including artificial intelligence (AI), renewable energy, biotechnology, quantum computing, and sustainable urban development.

5.1.    Ongoing Studies in Europe

✅ Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Germany’s AI Strategy & Key Research Hubs

Germany has been aggressively investing in AI research to maintain its competitive edge. The German government’s AI Strategy 2025 aims to position the country as a global AI leader by funding research centers, startups, and interdisciplinary collaborations.

• The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) – One of the world’s largest AI research institutions, focusing on robotics, natural language processing, and industrial AI applications.
• Cyber Valley (Baden-Württemberg) – A collaboration between Max Planck Institute, universities, and tech giants like Amazon and Porsche, driving innovation in machine learning and autonomous systems.
• Munich School of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MSRM) – Part of the Technical University of Munich (TUM), specializing in AI-driven robotics for healthcare and manufacturing.

Ongoing AI Research in Europe

• Human-Centric AI (EU-funded) – Research on ethical AI, bias mitigation, and explainable AI (XAI) to ensure transparency in decision-making.
• AI for Climate Modeling – German institutes are collaborating with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to improve climate predictions using deep learning.

✅ Renewable Energy & Green Technologies

Germany’s Energiewende (Energy Transition)

Germany is a pioneer in renewable energy, with ambitious targets to achieve 80% renewable electricity by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2045. Key research areas include:

• Hydrogen Economy – The German government has pledged €9 billion for green hydrogen projects, including partnerships with North African countries for solar-powered hydrogen production.
• Battery Technology – The Fraunhofer Institute is developing next-gen solid-state batteries to enhance electric vehicle (EV) efficiency.
• Offshore Wind & Smart Grids – Research on floating wind farms in the North Sea and AI-optimized energy grids to balance supply and demand.

European Collaborations in Clean Energy

• EU Horizon Europe’s Green Deal – Funding projects on carbon capture, circular economy, and sustainable urban mobility.
• European Battery Alliance (EBA) – A €60 billion initiative to establish a competitive European battery industry, reducing reliance on Asian suppliers.

✅Biotechnology & Medical Research

Germany’s Leadership in Life Sciences

Germany is home to world-class biotech hubs like BioRegions in Berlin, Munich, and Heidelberg, focusing on:

• CRISPR & Gene Editing – The Max Planck Society is advancing CRISPR-Cas9 therapies for genetic disorders.
• mRNA Vaccine Development – Following BioNTech’s success with COVID-19 vaccines, German researchers are exploring mRNA for cancer immunotherapy.
• Neurotechnology & Brain Research – The Human Brain Project (EU-funded) involves German institutes in mapping brain functions using supercomputers.

Future Trends in European Biotech

• Personalized Medicine – AI-driven diagnostics and tailored treatments based on genomic data.
• Synthetic Biology – Engineering microbes for sustainable biofuel and pharmaceutical production.

✅ Quantum Computing & Advanced Computing Technologies

Germany’s Quantum Roadmap

Germany is investing €2 billion in quantum technologies, aiming to build a functional quantum computer by 2026. Key initiatives include:

• Quantum Computing Initiative (QCI) – A collaboration between Fraunhofer, IBM, and Google to develop quantum processors.
• Quantum Communication Infrastructure (QCI-EU) – A pan-European project to create hack-proof quantum networks.

European Quantum Ecosystem

• EU Quantum Flagship Program – A €1 billion initiative fostering research in quantum sensors, cryptography, and simulation.
• Germany’s Role in Exascale Computing – The Jülich Supercomputing Centre is developing exascale systems for climate science and material research.

✅Sustainable Urban Development & Smart Cities

Germany’s Smart City Initiatives

Cities like Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich are testing smart mobility, energy-efficient buildings, and IoT-based urban planning.

• Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) – Integrating e-scooters, autonomous shuttles, and public transport via AI-driven platforms.
• Circular Economy Models – Research on zero-waste cities using blockchain for resource tracking.

EU-Wide Smart City Projects

• Horizon Europe’s 100 Climate-Neutral Cities by 2030 – Funding urban innovation in energy, transport, and digitalization.
• German-Dutch Collaboration on Floating Cities – Exploring amphibious architecture for climate resilience.

✅Space Research & Aerospace Innovations

Germany’s Contributions to European Space Exploration

• DLR (German Aerospace Center) – Leading Mars rover missions, satellite tech, and hypersonic flight research.
• ArianeGroup & ESA Collaborations – Developing next-gen reusable rockets and lunar exploration tech.

Future European Space Missions

• EU’s Galileo & Copernicus Programs – Enhancing satellite navigation and Earth observation.
• Moon & Mars Missions – Germany is a key player in ESA’s plans for a Moon Village by 2030.

6.    Key Takeaways

✅Key Takeaways

• Terpenes are more than just aroma—they shape cannabis effects through the entourage effect.
• German medical cannabis strains have unique terpene profiles that influence their therapeutic benefits.
• Full-spectrum products may be more effective than isolated cannabinoids due to synergy.
• Patients should consider terpenes when selecting strains for conditions like pain, anxiety, or insomnia.
• Research in Germany is expanding, with potential breakthroughs in personalized cannabis medicine.

 

 

Conclusion.

The entourage effect is more than just a theory—it’s a fundamental aspect of cannabis pharmacology. In Germany, where medical cannabis is strictly regulated, understanding how terpenes and cannabinoids interact can help patients and doctors make informed decisions.

The entourage effect represents a groundbreaking concept in cannabis science, emphasizing how cannabinoids and terpenes work together synergistically to enhance therapeutic outcomes. For German medical cannabis patients and recreational users alike, understanding this interaction is key to selecting the most effective strains and products.

Germany’s progressive stance on medical cannabis, combined with rigorous research and high-quality lab-tested products, provides an ideal environment for patients to benefit from terpene-cannabinoid synergy. Whether seeking pain relief, anxiety reduction, or improved sleep, choosing full-spectrum products with complementary terpene profiles can optimize results.

Paying attention to terpene profiles can optimize your experience. As research continues, particularly in Europe, we can expect even more refined applications of cannabis medicine, tailored to individual needs through personalized terpene and cannabinoid combinations. For now, patients and consumers should prioritize lab-tested, terpene-rich cannabis products to fully harness the power of the entourage effect.

Here you can find terpenes and cannabis products available in Germany.

 

 

 

References:

1. Project CBD. (n.d.). Terpenes and the Entourage Effect. Link
2. European Medicines Agency. (2023). Cannabis-based Medicines. Link
3. Russo, E. B. (2011). Taming THC: Potential Cannabis Synergy and Phytocannabinoid-Terpenoid Entourage Effects. British Journal of Pharmacology

4.       Blessing, E. M., Steenkamp, M. M., Manzanares, J., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 825-836. DOI:10.1007/s13311-015-0387-1

 

5.       Mechoulam, R., & Ben-Shabat, S. (1998). Endocannabinoids and Cannabis-like Compounds: A New Frontier in Therapeutics. Chemistry & Physics of Lipids, 92(1-2), 1-7. 

 

6.       German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). (2023). Medical Cannabis in Germany: Regulations and Access. Link

 

7.       Zuardi, A. W. (2008). Cannabidiol: From an Inactive Cannabinoid to a Drug with Wide Spectrum of Action. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 30(3), 271-280.